Nj- Affectionate (Feminine): Patrino - Mother. Ĉj- Affectionate (Maculine): Patro - Father. Id- Children of living creatures: Hundo - Dog. Er- Part of a greater whole: Akvo - Water. Em- Possessing a ceratain quality/-Ful: Ludo - Play. Ej- Where something happens: Koncerto - Concert. Ec- Abstract quality/-Ship/-Ness: Amiko - Friend. Ebl- Possibility/-Able/-Ible: Vidi - To see. Aĵ- A physical object, opposed to an abstract idea or a product made of the root word: 1. Ad- Action, particularly prolonged or habitual: Naĝo - Swim. Naĝ ado - Swimming. Mis- Wrong/Mis-: Kompreni - To understand. Gepatroj - Parents (of which one is male and the other female.) Ge- Male and female together: Patroj - Fathers. Eksreĝo - Ex-King/Former King.įi- Dirty/Pornographic: Menso - Mind. Ekdormi - To fall asleep.Įks- Former/Ex-: Reĝo - King. Dissendi - Broadcast.Įk- Commencing an action: Dormi- To sleep. Bopatro - Father-in-law.ĭis- Separation from one place: Sendi - To send. La letero estis skribita de li. - The letter was written by him.Ĥ0 Useful Esperanto Prefixes and Suffixesīo- Related by marriage: Patro - Father. La letero estis skribata de ŝi. - The letter was being written by her. La letero estas skribata de mi. - The letter is being written by me. Skribita letero - a letter which has been written Skribata letero - a letter which is being written The passive participles express a quality of the thing, which is affected by the action: Skribante li pensis pri ŝi. - While writing, he thought about her. Skribanto - writer (one who writes, or is writing now) With the -o ending, we present the person who performs the action: Ŝi estis skribonta. - She was going to write. Ili estos skribantaj. - They will be writing. The active participles describe the state of the person or thing doing the action: (Note the similarity to the present, past, and future tense endings -as, -is, -os.) In Esperanto, there are six types of participles. writing, doing, seeing), and past participles, which are usually formed with the endings -en or -ed (e.g. In English there are two types of participles: present participles, which are usually formed with the ending -ing (e.g. I wish these things could be expressed so concisely and consistently in English.Ī participle is a word that presents an action as a property or state of something: writing, beaten, closed, etc.
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